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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkto</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-2016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ПРОФИЛЬ — 2С</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2226-2016-2023-3-52-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jkto-101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдаленные результаты лечения повреждения сухожилий вращательной манжеты как следствия переднего вывиха плеча у пациентов cредней и старших возрастных групп</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term results of the rotator cuff tears treatment after anterior shoulder dislocation in middle-aged and senior patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маковский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makovskiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маковский Алексей Андреевич – врач-травматолог-ортопед отделения ортопедии и сложной травмы МКНЦ имени А.С. Логинова ДЗМ, аспирант кафедры общей и специализированной хирургии, факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>119234, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Makovskiy – M.D. - traumatologist, Graduate Student at the Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Makovskiya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леднёв</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lednev</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леднев Егор Михайлович – врач-травматолог-ортопед НЦМУ «Национальный центр персонализированной медицины эндокринных заболеваний» ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, аспирант кафедры общей и специализированной хирургии, факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>119234, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor M. Lednev – M.D. - traumatologist, Graduate Student at the Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ledhauz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубров</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубров Вадим Эрикович – д.м.н., заведующий кафедрой общей и специализированной хирургии, факультет фундаментальной медицины</p><p>119234, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim E. Dubrov – D.Sc. in Medicine, Head of the Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,</p><p>119234, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vduort@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинский</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinsky</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калинский Евгений Борисович – д.м.н., доцент кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и хирургии катастроф</p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugene B. Kalinsky – D.Sc. in Medicine, associate professor at Department of traumatology, orthopedics and disaster surgery</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kalinskiy_e_b@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кавалерский</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kavalersky</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Михайлович Кавалерский – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и хирургии катастроф</p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadiy M. Kavalersky – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of traumatology, orthopedics and disaster surgery</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тельпухов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telpuhov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тельпухов Владимир Иванович – доктор медицинских наук, професcор, профессор кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии</p><p>119991, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Telpuhov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, at the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">telpukhov_v_i@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маковский А.А., Леднёв Е.М., Дубров В.Э., Калинский Е.Б., Кавалерский Г.М., Тельпухов В.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маковский А.А., Леднёв Е.М., Дубров В.Э., Калинский Е.Б., Кавалерский Г.М., Тельпухов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makovskiy A.A., Lednev E.M., Dubrov V.E., Kalinsky E.B., Kavalersky G.M., Telpuhov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/101">https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/101</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: более 20% вывихов плеча происходит у лиц старше 40 лет. Актуальные алгоритмы лечения вывиха плеча включают консервативное лечение с иммобилизацией и последующей реабилитацией, что приводит к неудовлетворительному результату (снижение функции, болевой синдром) более чем у 50% пациентов старшего возраста. Это связано с повреждением сухожилий вращательной манжеты плеча (ВМП) и последующей дегенерацией мышц.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: улучшение результатов диагностическо-лечебного комплекса для пациентов старше 45 лет с первичным травматическим вывихом плеча с различной степенью повреждения сухожилий ВМП.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: 85 пациентов (60,2±11,4 лет, 44 мужчины, 41 женщина). Критерии включения: впервые возникший вывих, согласие на участие в исследовании. Выполнили рентгенограммы и магнитно-резонансную томографию (МРТ) плечевого сустава с оценкой субакромиального пространства и акромиоплечевого индекса (АПИ). Сформированы группа сравнения 1 (реабилитационное лечение полнослойного повреждения ВМП, 18 чел.), группа сравнения 2 (реабилитационное лечение неполнослойного повреждения ВМП, 21 чел.), группа исследования (оперативное лечение полнослойного повреждения, 24 чел.). Также для попытки уменьшения повреждения мышц ВМП из групп исследования, сравнения 1 и сравнения 2 в случайном порядке сформированы 2 сопоставимые группы: приема смеси аминокислот (лейцин:изолейцин:валин) и плацебо.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: получена значимая корреляция между АПИ и шириной субакромиального пространства (rxy Пирсона = 0,895, р&lt;0,001), величина аппроксимации 0,7902. При ROC-анализе выявлено оптимальное пороговое значение АПИ – вероятность отсутствия сужения субакромиального пространства &lt;6 мм по МРТ повышается при АПИ ≥ 1,26 (чувствительность и специфичность 94,8% и 86,5%). При сравнении результатов лечения по шкалам-опросникам ASES, DASH, UCLA результаты лечения в группах лечения и сравнения 2 значимо лучше, чем в группе сравнения 1, а различий между группами исследования и сравнения 2 нет. Прием аминокислот не способствовал уменьшению базальных показателей повреждения мышечных мембран, по сравнению с плацебо.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: оценка АПИ применима для диагностики повреждений сухожилий ВМП; пациентам старше 45 лет с вывихом плеча рекомендована МРТ. Для полнослойных повреждений сухожилий ВМП оптимальна хирургическая рефиксация; при неполнослойном повреждении рекомендована консервативная тактика. Сравнение методов лечения неполнослойных повреждений сухожилий требует дальнейшего анализа.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: More than 20% of shoulder dislocations occur in individuals over 40 years of age. Current treatment algorithms for shoulder dislocation management include conservative treatment with immobilization and subsequent rehabilitation, which leads to an unsatisfactory result (decreased function, pain) in more than 50% of older patients. It is associated with damage to the rotator cuff tendons (RCT) and subsequent muscle degeneration.</p><p>The aim of the study was to improve the results of the diagnosis and treatment for patients over 45 years of age with primary traumatic dislocation of the shoulder with varying degrees of RCT damage.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: 85 patients (60.2±11.4 years, 44 men, 41 women). Inclusion criteria: first-time dislocation, consent to participate in the study. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder joint were performed with assessment of the subacromial space and acromiohumeral index (AHI). Next groups were formed: Comparison group 1 (rehabilitation treatment of full-thickness RCT damage, 18 people), comparison group 2 (rehabilitation treatment of partial-thickness RCT damage, 21 people), study group (surgical treatment of full-thickness RCT damage, 24 people). Also, to reduce damage to the RCT muscles, 2 comparable groups were randomly formed: group taking a mixed amino acids (leucine:isoleucine:valine) and group taking placebo.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: a significant correlation between the AHI and the width of the subacromial space (Pearson's rxy = 0.895, p &lt;0.001) was obtained, the approximation value was 0.7902. ROC analysis revealed the optimal threshold value of the API - the probability of absence of narrowing of the subacromial space &lt;6 mm on MRI increases with API ≥ 1.26 (sensitivity and specificity 94.8% and 86.5%). Comparing the treatment results according to the ASES, DASH, UCLA questionnaire scales, the treatment results in the treatment and comparison groups 2 are significantly better than in the comparison group 1, and there are no differences between the study and comparison groups 2. Amino acid supplementation did not reduce basal rates of muscle membrane damage compared with placebo.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: AHI assessment is applicable for RCT injuries diagnosis; MRI is recommended for patients over 45 years of age with a shoulder dislocation. For full-thickness tendon injuries, surgical refixation is optimal; In case of partial-thickness damage, conservative rehabilitation is recommended. Comparison of treatment methods for partial-thickness tendon injuries requires further analysis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вывих плеча</kwd><kwd>вращательная манжета</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shoulder dislocation</kwd><kwd>rotator cuff</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>surgical procedures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарев В. Б. и др. Вывихи плеча //Журнал им. НВ Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь». 2020;9(1):68-84. DOI:10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-1-68-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarev VB, Vaza AY, Fayn AM, Titov RS. Shoulder Dislocations. A literature Review. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 2020;9(1):68–84. 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