<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkto</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-2016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ПРОФИЛЬ — 2С</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2226-2016-2023-1-56-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jkto-110</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение миниинвазивнго ладонного доступа в хирургическом лечении пациентов с переломами дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of minimally invasive volar approach in the surgical treatment of patients with distal radius fractures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максимов Борис Игоревич – к.м.н., заведующий отделением травматологии и ортопедии</p><p>Госпитальная пл. д.2, Москва, 111020</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Maximov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Trauma Department</p><p>Gospitalnaya sq. 2, Moscow, 111020</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.borismaximov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 29 имени Н.Э. Баумана Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Hospital №29 named after N.E. Bauman</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Максимов Б.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Максимов Б.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maximov B.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/110">https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/110</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: в последнее время появляется все больше публикаций об использовании миниинвазивного ладонного доступа в хирургическом лечении пациентов с переломами дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости, позволяющем, с одной стороны, не нарушать кровоснабжение отломков и активную стабильность дистального лучелоктевого сочленения, а с другой – выполнять весь спектр технических приемов по репозиции и фиксации перелома.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: оценить результаты использования миниинвазивного ладонного доступа в хирургическом лечении пациентов с переломами дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: изучены результаты лечения 68 пациентов (48 женщин и 20 мужчин) с переломами дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости, которым в отделении травматологии и ортопедии ГКБ №29 им. Н.Э. Баумана в период с ноября 2015 г. по декабрь 2021 г. выполняли погружной остеосинтез с использованием миниинвазивного ладонного хирургического доступа. Всем пациентам для фиксации перелома использовали ладонные пластины с угловой стабильностью. Средний возраст больных составил 39,26+7,66 лет (от 21 года до 58 лет). По классификации D. Fernandez переломы были распределены следующим образом: тип I – 41 случай (60,3 %), тип II– 12 (17,6 %), тип III– 15 (22,1 %). После выполнения остеосинтеза и выписки из стационара, минимальный период наблюдения за пациентами составил 3 месяца. В процессе наблюдения оценивали рентгенологические (консолидация перелома, высота лучевой кости, ладонная инклинация, лучевая инклинация, суставная конгруэнтность, а также конгруэнтность дистального лучелоктевого сочленения), функциональные (сгибательно-разгибательные движения в лучезапястном суставе, ротационные движения предплечья и силу хвата кисти), а также косметические результаты лечения. Общую оценку результатов лечения проводили с применением критериев Gartland &amp; Werley.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: у 66 пациентов (97,1%) через 6 недель после операции была достигнута консолидация перелома, подтвержденная рентгенологически при контрольном обследовании. У двух пациенток (2,9%) костного сращения после операции не произошло даже на сроках, превышающих 6 месяцев, что было расценено как ложный сустав дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости и потребовало повторных хирургических вмешательств. Через 3 месяца после остеосинтеза результаты в соответствии с критериями Gartland &amp; Werley у 52 прооперированных пациентов (76,5%) были расценены как отличные, у 14 (20,6%) – как хорошие, у 2 (2,9%) – как удовлетворительные. Плохих результатов получено не было. В 3 случаях (4,4 %) в результате повреждения ладонной ветви срединного нерва в процессе хирургического доступа в послеоперационном периоде пациенты отмечали выпадение кожной чувствительности в области тенара. Других осложнений не было. Косметический результат у всех прооперированных был расценен как отличный.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: использование миниинвазивного ладонного хирургического доступа для остеосинтеза переломов ДМЭЛК волярными пластинами с угловой стабильностью является эффектным и эффективным инструментом улучшения результатов лечения пациентов с травмами данной локализации. Главными доводами к применению такого подхода можно считать сохранение квадратного пронатора предплечья, уменьшающее деваскуляризацию костных отломков и благотворно влияющее на процесс консолидации перелома, снижение риска инфекционных осложнений открытой репозиции, более быстрое функциональное восстановление, а также большее удовлетворение пациентов эстетическими результатами операции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Abstract. Past time, in the literature there has been an increasing interest of using minimally invasive volar approach for surgical treatment of patients with distal radius fractures allowing, on the one hand, not to damage vascularity of bone fragments and active stability of distal radioulnar joint, and on the other hand – giving possibility to do all repositional and fixational steps.</p><p>The aim of the study is to assess results of minimally invasive volar approach for surgical treatment of patients with distal radius fractures.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. We analyzed results of surgical treatment of 68 patients (48 female and 20 male) with distal radius fractures treated in the period from November 2015 to December 2021 using minimally invasive volar approach. In all cases for fixation we used volar locking plate. The mean age was 39,26±7,66 years (21-58 years). Fractures were classified according to Fernandez classification system as type I – 41 cases (60,3%), type II – 12 cases (17,6%) and type III – 15 cases (22,1%). The minimal follow-up after the surgery and discharge was 3 months, until the final functional result. X-rays (consolidation’s signs, volar tilt, radial height, radial inclination, joint congruency as well as distal radioulnar joint congruency), functional (flexion/extension of the wrist, forearm rotation and grip strength) and cosmetic results were evaluated during follow-up period. The overall results were assessed on the basis of Gartland &amp; Werley score.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Primary union of distal radius was achieved within 6 weeks after the surgery in 66 patients (97,1%), confirmed by X-rays. In 2 cases (2,9%) we didn’t achieve bone union even after 6 months, that was detected as false joint of distal radius and required re-operation. After 3 months according to Gartland &amp; Werley score 52 patients (76,5%) had an excellent results, 14 (20,6%) – good, 2 (2,9%) – fair. There were no poor results. In 3 cases (4,4%) there were sensitive problems in the field of thenar due to intraoperative damage of palmar branch of median nerve during surgical approach. There were no any complications. The cosmetic result was excellent in all cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The usage of minimally invasive volar surgical approach for plate fixation of distal radius fractures is spectacular and effective tool of treatment result’s improvement for patients with such kind of trauma. The possibility of preservation of m. pronator quadratus, bone vascularity, contributing to bone healing, lower risk of infectional complications, faster functional recovery and better patient’s satisfaction about cosmetic result are the main arguments for using such technique.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перелом</kwd><kwd>дистальный метаэпифиз лучевой кости</kwd><kwd>остеосинтез</kwd><kwd>миниинвазивный хирургический доступ</kwd><kwd>волярная пластина с угловой стабильностью</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>distal radius</kwd><kwd>osteosynthesis</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgical approach</kwd><kwd>volar locking plate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Itoh, S., Yumoto, M., Kanai, M., Yoshida, W., Yoshioka, T. Significance of a pronator-sparing approach for volar locking plate fixation of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Hand (NY). 2016;11(1):83-7. DOI:10.1177/1558944715617460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Itoh, S., Yumoto, M., Kanai, M., Yoshida, W., Yoshioka, T. Significance of a pronator-sparing approach for volar locking plate fixation of comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Hand (NY). 2016;11(1):83-7. DOI:10.1177/1558944715617460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимов Б.И. Минимально инвазивный накостный остеосинтез дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости: есть ли преимущества перед стандартной техникой?//Травматология и ортопедия России. 2020;26(1):76-84. DOI: 10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-76-84</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maximov B.I. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures: are there any advantages against conventional technique? Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2020;26(1):76-84 DOI: 10.21823/2311-2905-2020-26-1-76-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубров В.Э., Гречухин Д.А., Брижань Л.К., Губайдуллина Г.Ф. Среднесрочные результаты лечения переломов дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости с артроскопическим сопровождением: проспективное сравнительное исследование//Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии. 2022;2(48):34-42. DOI:10.17238/2226-2016-2022-2-34-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubrov V.E., Grechukhin D.A., Brizhan L.K., Gubaidullina G.F. Midterm outcomes of distal radius fractures treatment with arthroscopic assistance: a prospective comparative study. Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2022;2(48):34-42 DOI: 10.17238/2226-2016-2022-2-34-42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егиазарян К.А., Максимов Б.И., Аскеров А.А., Ведерников Н.Н., Матвиенко М.И. Лечение переломов дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости с использованием малоинвазивного накостного остеосинтеза и перкутанной спицевой фиксации: сравнительный анализ результатов//Травматология и ортопедия России. – 2021;27(4):31-41. DOI:10.21823/2311-2905-1696</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egiazaryan K.A., Maximov B.I., Askerov A.A., Vedernikov N.N., Matvienko M.I. Functional and radiographic Outcomes for Distal Radius Fractures Treated with Volar-Locked Plates and Percutaneous K-Wires: A Comparative Study. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(4):31-41. DOI:10.21823/2311-2905-1696 .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imatani, J., Noda, T., Morito, Y., Sato, T., Hashizume, H., Inoue, H. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for comminuted fractures of the metaphysis of the radius. J Hand Surg Br. 2005;30(2):220–225. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.12.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imatani, J., Noda, T., Morito, Y., Sato, T., Hashizume, H., Inoue, H. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for comminuted fractures of the metaphysis of the radius. J Hand Surg Br. 2005;30(2):220–225. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.12.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takada, N., Otsuka, T., Yamada, K., Suzuki, H., Hasuo, T., Kondo, A., Fukuta, M. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures with a palmar locking plate. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2012; 38(6):627–632. DOI:10.1007/s00068-012-0204z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takada, N., Otsuka, T., Yamada, K., Suzuki, H., Hasuo, T., Kondo, A., Fukuta, M. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures with a palmar locking plate. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2012; 38(6):627–632. DOI: 10.1007/s00068-012-0204z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zenke, Y., Sakai, A., Oshige, T., Moritani, S., Fuse, Y., Maehara, T., Nakamura, T. Clinical results of volar locking plate for distal radius fractures: conventional versus minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. J Orthop Trauma. 2011;25(7):425–431. DOI: 10.1097/ bot.0b013e3182008c83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zenke, Y., Sakai, A., Oshige, T., Moritani, S., Fuse, Y., Maehara, T., Nakamura, T. Clinical results of volar locking plate for distal radius fractures: conventional versus minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. J Orthop Trauma. 2011;25(7):425–431. DOI: 10.1097/ bot.0b013e3182008c83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen, C.Y., Lin, K.C., Yang, S.W., Renn, J.H., Tarng, Y.W. Clinical results of using minimally invasive long plate osteosynthesis versus conventional approach for extensive comminuted metadiaphyseal fractures of the radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135(3):361–367. DOI:10.1007/s00402-015-2162-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen, C.Y., Lin, K.C., Yang, S.W., Renn, J.H., Tarng, Y.W. Clinical results of using minimally invasive long plate osteosynthesis versus conventional approach for extensive comminuted metadiaphyseal fractures of the radius. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135(3):361–367. DOI:10.1007/s00402-015-2162-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebailly, F., Zemirline, A., Facca, S., Gouzou, S., Liverneaux, P. Distal radius fixation through a mini-invasive approach of 15 mm. Part 1: a series of 144 cases. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014;24(6):877–890. DOI:10.1007/s00590-013-1363-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebailly, F., Zemirline, A., Facca, S., Gouzou, S., Liverneaux, P. Distal radius fixation through a mini-invasive approach of 15 mm. Part 1: a series of 144 cases. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014;24(6):877–890. DOI:10.1007/s00590-013-1363-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Максимов Б.И., Артемьев А.А. Малоинвазивный накостный остеосинтез дистального метаэпифиза лучевой кости: показания к применению и особенности методики//Вопросы реконструктивной и пластической хирургии.2017;20(2):61-66. DOI: 10.17223/1814147/60/07</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maximov B.I., Artemiev A.A. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures: indications for use and features of the method. Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery.2017;20(2):61-66. DOI:10.17223/1814147/60/07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dos, R.C., Nebout, J., Benlarbi, H., Caremier, E., Sam-Wing, J.F., Beya, R. Pronator quadratus preservation for distal radius fractures with locking palmar plate osteosynthesis. Surgical technique. Chir Main. 2009;28(4):224-229. DOI:10.1016/j.main.2009.04.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dos, R.C., Nebout, J., Benlarbi, H., Caremier, E., Sam-Wing, J.F., Beya, R. Pronator quadratus preservation for distal radius fractures with locking palmar plate osteosynthesis. Surgical technique. Chir Main. 2009;28(4):224-229. DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2009.04.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei, X.M., Sun, Z.Z., Rui, Y.J., Song, X.J. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48 (1):20–24. DOI:10.4103/0019-5413.125483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei, X.M., Sun, Z.Z., Rui, Y.J., Song, X.J. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48 (1):20–24. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.125483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez, D.L., Jupiter, J.B. Fractures of the distal radius//New York: Springer-Verlag:1996. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4684-0478-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez, D.L., Jupiter, J.B. Fractures of the distal radius//New York: Springer-Verlag:1996. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0478-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Changulani, M., Okonkwo, U., Keswani, T., Kalairajah, Y. Outcome evaluation measures for wrist and hand: which one to choose? Int Orthop. 2008 Feb;32(1):1-6. DOI:10.1007/s00264-007-0368-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Changulani, M., Okonkwo, U., Keswani, T., Kalairajah, Y. Outcome evaluation measures for wrist and hand: which one to choose? Int Orthop. 2008 Feb;32(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1007/s00264-007-0368-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protopsaltis, T.S., Ruch, D.S. Volar approach to distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(6):958-965. DOI:10.1016/j. jhsa.2008.04.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protopsaltis, T.S., Ruch, D.S. Volar approach to distal radius fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(6):958-965. DOI: 10.1016/j. jhsa.2008.04.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu, C.K., Liu, W.C., Chang, C.C., Shih, C.L., Fu, Y.C., Jupiter, J.B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pronator quadrates repair following volar plating of distal radius fractures. J OrthopSurg Res. 2020;15(1):419. DOI:10.1186/s13018-020-01942-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu, C.K., Liu, W.C., Chang, C.C., Shih, C.L., Fu, Y.C., Jupiter, J.B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the pronator quadrates repair following volar plating of distal radius fractures. J OrthopSurg Res. 2020;15(1):419. DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01942-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora, R., Lutz, M., Hennerbichler, A., Krappinger, D., Espen, D., Gabl, M. Complications following internal fixation of unstable distal radius fracture with a palmar locking-plate. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(5):316–322. DOI:10.1097/bot.0b013e318059b993.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora, R., Lutz, M., Hennerbichler, A., Krappinger, D., Espen, D., Gabl, M. Complications following internal fixation of unstable distal radius fracture with a palmar locking-plate. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(5):316–322. DOI: 10.1097/bot.0b013e318059b993.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreder, H., Hanel, D., Agel, J., McKee, M., Schemitsch, E., Trumble, T., Stephen, D. Indirect reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intraarticular fractures of the distal radius: A randomised, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(6):829–836. DOI:10.1302/0301-620x.87b6.15539.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreder, H., Hanel, D., Agel, J., McKee, M., Schemitsch, E., Trumble, T., Stephen, D. Indirect reduction and percutaneous fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for displaced intraarticular fractures of the distal radius: A randomised, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(6):829–836. DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.87b6.15539.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozental, T.D., Blazar, P.E., Franko, O.I., Chacko, A.T., Earp, B.E., Day, C.S. Functional outcomes for unstable distal radial fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:1837–1846. DOI:10.2106/JBJS.H.01478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozental, T.D., Blazar, P.E., Franko, O.I., Chacko, A.T., Earp, B.E., Day, C.S. Functional outcomes for unstable distal radial fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. A prospective randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91:1837–1846. DOI:10.2106/JBJS.H.01478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soong, M., van Leerdam, R., Guitton, T.G., Got, C., Katarincic, J., Ring, D. Fracture of the distal radius: Risk factors for complications after locked volar plate fixation. J Hand Surg. 2011;36(1):3–9. DOI:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.09.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soong, M., van Leerdam, R., Guitton, T.G., Got, C., Katarincic, J., Ring, D. Fracture of the distal radius: Risk factors for complications after locked volar plate fixation. J Hand Surg. 2011;36(1):3–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.09.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ribeiro, E., Campanholi, G., Acherboim, M., Ruggiero, G.M. Mini- Invasive Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures: A Double Incision under 12 mm. J Wrist Surg. 2021 Apr;10(2):136-143. DOI:10.1055/s-0040-1721141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ribeiro, E., Campanholi, G., Acherboim, M., Ruggiero, G.M. Mini- Invasive Surgery for Distal Radius Fractures: A Double Incision under 12 mm. J Wrist Surg. 2021 Apr;10(2):136-143. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernet, P., Gouzou, S., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive anterior plate osteosynthesis of the distal radius: A 710 case-series. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020 Dec;106(8):1619-1625. DOI:10.1016/j.otsr.2020.04.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernet, P., Gouzou, S., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive anterior plate osteosynthesis of the distal radius: A 710 case-series. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020 Dec;106(8):1619-1625. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.04.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asmar, G., Bellity, J., Falcone, M.O. Surgical comfort and clinical outcomes of MIPO with an extra-short plate designed for distal radius fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021 Apr;31(3):481-490. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02791-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asmar, G., Bellity, J., Falcone, M.O. Surgical comfort and clinical outcomes of MIPO with an extra-short plate designed for distal radius fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2021 Apr;31(3):481-490. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02791-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liverneaux, P., Ichihara, S., Facca, S., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J. Outcomes of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with volar locking plates in distal radius fractures: A review. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2016 Dec;35S:S80-S85. French. DOI:10.1016/j.hansur.2016.02.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liverneaux, P., Ichihara, S., Facca, S., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J. Outcomes of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with volar locking plates in distal radius fractures: A review. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2016 Dec;35S:S80-S85. French. DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2016.02.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neubauer, T., Plecko, M., Grechenig, S., Hartmann, A., Ortmaier, R., Hitzl, W., Feigl, G. Minimal invasive plating of distal radius fractures. A safe procedure? Ann Anat. 2019 Jul;224:172-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neubauer, T., Plecko, M., Grechenig, S., Hartmann, A., Ortmaier, R., Hitzl, W., Feigl, G. Minimal invasive plating of distal radius fractures. A safe procedure? Ann Anat. 2019 Jul;224:172-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galmiche, C., Rodriguez, G.G., Xavier, F., Igeta, Y., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for extra-articular distal radius fracture in postmenopausal women: longitudinal versus transverse incision. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(1):18–23. DOI:10.1055/s-0038-1667305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galmiche, C., Rodriguez, G.G., Xavier, F., Igeta, Y., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for extra-articular distal radius fracture in postmenopausal women: longitudinal versus transverse incision. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(1):18–23. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gutierrez Olivera, N., Ruchelli, L., Iglesias, S., Capomassi, M., Allende, C. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal radius fractures with metaphyseal extension: A series of 13 cases. Chirurgie De La Main. 2015;34(5):227-233. DOI:10.1016/j.main.2015.07.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gutierrez Olivera, N., Ruchelli, L., Iglesias, S., Capomassi, M., Allende, C. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in distal radius fractures with metaphyseal extension: A series of 13 cases. Chirurgie De La Main. 2015;34(5):227-233. DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2015.07.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geissler, W.B., Fernandes, D. Percutaneous and limited open reduction of intra-articular distal radial fractures. Hand Surg. 2000;5(2):85–92. DOI:10.1142/s0218810400000193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geissler, W.B., Fernandes, D. Percutaneous and limited open reduction of intra-articular distal radial fractures. Hand Surg. 2000;5(2):85–92. DOI: 10.1142/s0218810400000193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duncan, S.F., Weiland, A.J. Minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis of articular fractures of the distal radius. Injury. 2001;32 Suppl 1:SA14–24. DOI:10/1016/s0020-1383(01)00057-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duncan, S.F., Weiland, A.J. Minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis of articular fractures of the distal radius. Injury. 2001;32 Suppl 1:SA14–24. DOI:10/1016/s0020-1383(01)00057-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liverneaux, P.A. The minimally invasive approach for distal radius fractures and malunions. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2018;43(02):121–130. DOI:10.1177/1753193417745259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liverneaux, P.A. The minimally invasive approach for distal radius fractures and malunions. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2018;43(02):121–130. DOI: 10.1177/1753193417745259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sen, M.K., Strauss, N, Harvey, E.J. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures using a pronator sparing approach. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2008;12(1):2–6. DOI:10.1097/BTH.0b013e3180cac281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sen, M.K., Strauss, N, Harvey, E.J. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures using a pronator sparing approach. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg. 2008;12(1):2–6. DOI: 10.1097/BTH.0b013e3180cac281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshikawa, Y., Saito, T., Matsui, H. A new cosmetic approach for volar fixed-angle plate fixation to treat distal radius fractures. J Jpn Soc Surg Hand. 2008;24:889–893.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshikawa, Y., Saito, T., Matsui, H. A new cosmetic approach for volar fixed-angle plate fixation to treat distal radius fractures. J Jpn Soc Surg Hand. 2008;24:889–893.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zemirline, A., Taleb, C., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive surgery of distal radius fractures: a series of 20 cases using a 15 mm anterior approach and arthroscopy. Chir Main. 2014;33(04):263–271. DOI:10.1016/j.main.2014.04.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemirline, A., Taleb, C., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive surgery of distal radius fractures: a series of 20 cases using a 15 mm anterior approach and arthroscopy. Chir Main. 2014;33(04):263–271. DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2014.04.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zemirline, A., Naito, K., Lebailly, F., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Distal radius fixation through a mini-invasive approach of 15 mm. Part 1: feasibility study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014;24(06):1031–1037. DOI:10.1007/s00590-013-1364-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemirline, A., Naito, K., Lebailly, F., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P. Distal radius fixation through a mini-invasive approach of 15 mm. Part 1: feasibility study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014;24(06):1031–1037. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-013-1364-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galmiche, C., Rodríguez, G.G., Xavier, F., Igeta, Y., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for extra-articular distal radius fracture in postmenopausal women: longitudinal versus transverse incision. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(01):18– 23. DOI:10.1055/s-0038-1667305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galmiche, C., Rodríguez, G.G., Xavier, F., Igeta, Y., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Liverneaux, P. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for extra-articular distal radius fracture in postmenopausal women: longitudinal versus transverse incision. J Wrist Surg. 2019;8(01):18– 23. DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1667305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun, Z.Z., Rui, Y.J., Song, X.J., Wei, X.M, Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48(1):20–24. DOI:10.4103/0019-5413.125483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun, Z.Z., Rui, Y.J., Song, X.J., Wei, X.M, Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2014;48(1):20–24. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.125483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rey, P.B., Rochet, S., Loisel, F., Obert, L. Technical note: How to spare the pronator quadratus during MIPO of distal radius fractures by using a mini-volar plate. Chirurgie de la main. 2014;33(2): 95–99. DOI:10.1016/j.main.2013.12.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rey, P.B., Rochet, S., Loisel, F., Obert, L. Technical note: How to spare the pronator quadratus during MIPO of distal radius fractures by using a mini-volar plate. Chirurgie de la main. 2014;33(2): 95–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.main.2013.12.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pire, E., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Salazar Botero, S., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P.A. Long volar plating for metadiaphyseal fractures of distal radius: study comparing minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis versus conventional approach. J Wrist Surg. 2017;6(03):227–234. DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pire, E., Hidalgo Diaz, J.J., Salazar Botero, S., Facca, S., Liverneaux, P.A. Long volar plating for metadiaphyseal fractures of distal radius: study comparing minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis versus conventional approach. J Wrist Surg. 2017;6(03):227–234. DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang, X., Huang, X., Shao, X., Zhu, H., Sun, J., Wang, X. A comparison of minimally invasive approach vs conventional approach for volar plating of distal radial fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2017 Mar;51(2):110-117. DOI:10.1016/j.aott.2017.02.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang, X., Huang, X., Shao, X., Zhu, H., Sun, J., Wang, X. A comparison of minimally invasive approach vs conventional approach for volar plating of distal radial fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2017 Mar;51(2):110-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2017.02.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee, D.Y., Park, Y.J., Park, J.S. A Meta-analysis of studies of volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures: conventional versus minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Clin Orthop Surg. 2019 Jun;11(2):208-219. DOI:10.4055/cios.2019.11.2.208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, D.Y., Park, Y.J., Park, J.S. A Meta-analysis of studies of volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fractures: conventional versus minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Clin Orthop Surg. 2019 Jun;11(2):208-219. DOI: 10.4055/cios.2019.11.2.208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith, J.L., Ebraheim, N.A. Anatomy of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve: a review. J Orthop. 2019;16(6):576-579. DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.06.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith, J.L., Ebraheim, N.A. Anatomy of the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve: a review. J Orthop. 2019;16(6):576-579. DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.06.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKay, S.D., MacDermid, J.C., Roth, J.H., Richards, R.S. Assessment of complications of distal radius fractures and development of a complication checklist. J Hand Surg. 2001;26(5):916–922. DOI:10.1053/jhsu.2001.26662.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKay, S.D., MacDermid, J.C., Roth, J.H., Richards, R.S. Assessment of complications of distal radius fractures and development of a complication checklist. J Hand Surg. 2001;26(5):916–922. DOI: 10.1053/jhsu.2001.26662.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
