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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkto</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-2016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ПРОФИЛЬ — 2С</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/issn2226-2016.2025.4.146-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jkto-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-клеточные механизмы инициирования и прогрессирования суставных патологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular and cellular mechanisms of initiation and progression of joint pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабаров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabarov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хабаров Владимир Николаевич – к.х.н., генеральный директор АНО «Научно-исследовательский центр гиалуроновой кислоты».</p><p>119146, Москва, Комсомольский пр., 38/16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir N. Khabarov – Candidate of Chemical Sciences, General Director of the Scientific Research Center of Hyaluronic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid Research Center.</p><p>38/16 Komsomolsky Ave., Moscow, 119146</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@nicgk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляевский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaevsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беляевский Валентин Александрович – врач по спортивной медицине, травматолог – ортопед.</p><p>117418, Москва, Новочеремушкинская 50 к2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin A. Belyaevsky – sports medicine doctor, orthopedic traumatologist, Private clinic "Bioni Medical".</p><p>Novocheremushkinskaya 50 k 2, Moscow, 117418</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.belyayevskiy@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский центр гиалуроновой кислоты</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Center of Hyaluronic Acid</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Частная клиника «Биони Медикал»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Private clinic "Bioni Medical"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>146</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хабаров В.Н., Беляевский В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хабаров В.Н., Беляевский В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khabarov V.N., Belyaevsky V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/24">https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/24</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: остеоартрит классифицируют как заболевание опорно-двигательного аппарата, характеризующееся разрушением суставного хряща, затрагивающим весь сустав, субхондральную кость, синовиальную оболочку, связки, сухожилия и мышцы. Однако молекулярно-клеточные механизмы, способствующие распространению патогенных факторов по тканям сустава, до сих пор неизвестны. Благодаря появлению новых высокоэффективных методов исследования, за последние годы достигнут значительный прогресс в изучении и понимании молекулярных механизмов, приводящих к развитию суставных патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение молекулярных механизмов инициирования и прогрессирования остеоартрита, а также обобщение потенциальных терапевтических стратегий лечения суставных патологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: был проведён анализ научных медицинских литературных источников, содержащих данные собственных исследований, а также обзоры по теме диагностики и лечения остеоартрита. Поиск информации производился по ключевым словам в электронных медицинских и общенаучных базах: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: Приведенный обзор научных данных убедительно свидетельствуют о том, что выявление информативных биомаркеров, необходимых для профилактики и лечения заболевания суставов, стало насущной необходимостью клинической практики. Относительно недавно остеоартрит стал рассматриваться как процесс, сочетающий травму и воспаление ввиду установления ключевой роли цитокинов и иммунных клеток в его патогенезе. Современные представления о патогенезе остеоартрита включают понятие инфламэйджинг - прогрессирующее хроническое вялотекущее системное воспаление. Также стало известно, что активация факторов транскрипции NF-κB и MAPK-киназных путей индуцирует гены, кодирующие ферменты, которые разрушают хрящ, а также воспалительные факторы, что в конечном итоге приводит к потере функции хряща, развитию остеоартрита и прогрессированию заболевания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: osteoarthritis is classified as a disease of the musculoskeletal system characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage affecting the entire joint, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, ligaments, tendons and muscles. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the spread of pathogenic factors through the tissues of the joint are still unknown. Due to the emergence of new highly effective research methods, significant progress has been made in recent years in the study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of joint pathologies.</p><p>The aim of the study was to study the molecular mechanisms of initiation and progression of osteoarthritis, as well as to summarize potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of joint pathologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the analysis of scientific medical literature sources containing data from their own research, as well as reviews on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis, was carried out. Information was searched by keywords in electronic medical and general scientific databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The above review of scientific data strongly suggests that the identification of informative biomarkers necessary for the prevention and treatment of joint disease has become an urgent need for clinical practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>диагностические биомаркеры остеоартрита</kwd><kwd>инфламэйджинг</kwd><kwd>хондроциты</kwd><kwd>синовиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>гиалуроновая кислота</kwd><kwd>сиртуины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>diagnostic biomarkers of osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>inflamaging</kwd><kwd>chondrocytes</kwd><kwd>synovial cells</kwd><kwd>hyaluronic acid</kwd><kwd>sirtuins. 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