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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkto</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-2016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ПРОФИЛЬ — 2С</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2226-2016-2024-2-75-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jkto-87</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>PATELLA ALTA КАК АКТУАЛЬНЫЙ ФАКТОР РИСКА НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ НАДКОЛЕННО-БЕДРЕННОГО СУСТАВА: ВОПРОСЫ ЭТИОЛОГИИ, БИОМЕХАНИКИ, ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PATELLA ALTA AS AN ACTUAL RISK FACTOR OF PATELLOFEMORAL INSTABILITY: ASPECTS OF ETIOLOGY, BIOMECHANICS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репетюк</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repetyuk</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Репетюк Алексей Дмитриевич – к. м. н., доцент кафедры спортивной медицины и медицинской реабилитации</p><p>г. Москва, Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey D. Repetyuk – Ph.D in Medicine, Associate professor at the Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">repetyuk_a_d@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасов</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Achkasov</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ачкасов Евгений Евгеньевич – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой спортивной медицины и медицинской реабилитации</p><p>г. Москва, Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny E. Achkasov – D.Sc in Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation</p><p>Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">achkasov_e_e@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикулев</surname><given-names>Э. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pikulev</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пикулев Эдуард Петрович – ординатор кафедры спортивной медицины и медицинской реабилитации</p><p>г. Москва, Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard P. Pikulev – resident of the Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation</p><p>119991, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.p.pikulev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ааль</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aal</surname><given-names>K. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ааль Ксения Андреевна – студент клинического института детского здоровья им. Н.Ф. Филатова</p><p>г. Москва, Россия, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia А. Aal – student of N.F. Filatov Institute of Child Health</p><p>Moscow, 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksumilenium@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>75</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Репетюк А.Д., Ачкасов Е.Е., Пикулев Э.П., Ааль К.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Репетюк А.Д., Ачкасов Е.Е., Пикулев Э.П., Ааль К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Repetyuk A.D., Achkasov E.E., Pikulev E.P., Aal K.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/87">https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/87</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В настоящее время patella alta или высокий надколенник является важным и независимым фактором риска развития нестабильности надколенника и может приводить к развитию патологий коленного сустава, таких как: вывих надколенника, остеоартрит, тендинопатия собственной связки надколенника, синдром пателлофеморальной боли, разрыв передней крестообразной связки и болезнь Осгуда-Шляттера.Материалы и методы. Наше исследование включает в себя анализ данных литературы поисковых систем PubMed и отечественной электронной библиотеки научных публикаций eLIBRARY с целью оценки распространённости patella alta, особенностей влияния данного фактора риска на биомеханику коленного сустава и на развитие нестабильности надколенно-бедренного сустава, методов диагностики, дальнейших методов комплексного лечения и возможности возвращения к спортивной деятельности на профессиональном уровне (особенно у физически активных детей в период скачка роста).Выводы. Клинико-лучевая диагностика patella alta не представляет трудностей, в настоящий момент определены надёжные рентгенологические индексы –модифицированный индекс Инсолла–Сальвати и Катона-Дешама, при этом применение последнего показало высокую надёжность, в том числе у детей. Также чаще всего patella alta не является изолированным фактором риска и наблюдается в сочетании с другими наиболее частыми факторами риска нестабильности надколенника.В связи с этим требуется комплексный подход в изучении patella alta при различных патологиях коленного сустава, в выборе консервативного лечения, а также дифференцированный подход к оперативному вмешательству при вывихе надколенника с данным фактором риска в виде выбора вида оперативного лечения (в том числе с учетом возрастных особенностей) между пластикой медиальной пателлофеморальной связки, или комбинированной пластики медиальной пателлофеморальной связки и медиальной надколенно-большеберцовой связки, или дистализациии бугристости большеберцовой кости, или имбрикации сухожилия надколенника.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Patella alta or high-riding patella is important and independent risk factor of patellar instability and can lead to development of pathologies of knee joint: patellar dislocation, osteoarthritis, patellar tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain syndrome, rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and Osgood-Schlatter disease.Materials and methods. Our research includes data analysis of literature of PubMed and Russian national electronic scientific library eLIBRARY with the aim of assessing the prevalence of patella alta, specificities of the influence of this risk factor to the biomechanics of the knee joint and to the development of patellofemoral joint instability, diagnostic methods, further methods of complex treatment and the possibility of returning to sports activities at the professional level (especially in physically active children).Conclusion. Clinical and radiological diagnostics of patella alta doesn’t present difficulties. Reliable radiological indexes have been determined – modified Insall – Salvati index and Caton – Deschamps index. The last one has shown high reliability in children as well. In most cases patella alta is not isolated risk factor and it is observed in the combination with the most common risk factors of patellar instability.The comprehensive approach is required in the study of patella alta in various pathologies of the knee joint, conservative treatment and the differential approach to a surgery of patellar dislocation with this risk factor between the reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament, or combined reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament and the medial patellotibial ligament, or distalization of the tuberosity of the tibia, or imbrication of the patellar tendon.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>patella alta</kwd><kwd>высокий надколенник</kwd><kwd>нестабильность надколенно-бедренного сустава</kwd><kwd>травматический вывих надколенника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>patella alta</kwd><kwd>high-riding patella</kwd><kwd>instability of the patella-femoral joint</kwd><kwd>traumatic patellar dislocation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diederichs G, Issever AS, Scheffler S. 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