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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jkto</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-2016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ПРОФИЛЬ — 2С</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17238/2226-2016-2024-4-50-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">jkto-95</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ ЛОПАТКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF SCAPULAR FRACTURES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степанов Дмитрий Владимирович - аспирант 3-его года обучения кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и медицины катастроф дневного отделения</p><p>ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва, 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepanov Dmitry Vladimirovich – 3rd year Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Medicine full-time postgraduate</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya str., d. 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">st.dmitriy21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошков</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshkov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хорошков Сергей Николаевич - д.м.н., профессор кафедры травматологии, ортопедии и медицины катастроф</p><p>105187, Москва;</p><p>ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва, 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khoroshkov Sergej Nikolaevich – Docent, Doctor of Medicine, professor of department of traumatology, orthopedics and medicine of accidents</p><p>105187, Moscow;</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya str., d. 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khoroshkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярыгин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarygin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярыгин Николай Владимирович - д.м.н, профессор, членкорр. РАН, заведующий кафедрой травматологии, ортопедии и медицины катастроф</p><p>ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4, г. Москва, 127006</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yarygin Nikolai Vladimirovich - Сorresponding Member Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of traumatology, orthopedics and medicine of accidents</p><p>Dolgorukovskaya str., d. 4, Moscow, 127006</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dom1971@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский Университет Медицины» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Medical and Dental University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ГКБ им. Ф.И. Иноземцева ДЗМ;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Российский Университет Медицины» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Hospital named after F.I. Inozemtsev of the Moscow City Health Administration";&#13;
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow State Medical and Dental University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Степанов Д.В., Хорошков С.Н., Ярыгин Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Степанов Д.В., Хорошков С.Н., Ярыгин Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stepanov D.V., Khoroshkov S.N., Yarygin N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/95">https://www.jkto.moscow/jour/article/view/95</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение: Переломы лопатки являются редким повреждением опорно-двигательного аппарата, лечение которого до сих представляет проблему во многих аспектах. Топографо-анатомические особенности лопаточной области, отсутствие единой согласованной классификации повреждений лопатки, расхождения в существующих показаниях к оперативному лечению переломов данной локализации, недостаточное использование в современной практике малоинвазивных хирургических доступов к лопатке – все эти факторы обуславливают сохранение неопределённости в подходах к диагностике и лечению переломов лопатки.Цель исследования: определить современные аспекты в диагностике и методах лечения переломов лопатки, проанализировать результаты разнообразных исследований, описывающих методы диагностики и лечения переломов лопатки, сформулировать основные правила ведения пациентов с переломами лопатки и указать моменты, требующие дальнейших исследований.Материалы и методы: был проведён анализ различных медицинских литературных источников, содержащих данные собственных и сторонних исследований по теме диагностики и лечения переломов лопатки, среди которых: статьи, монографии и журналы. В качестве источников использовались электронные медицинские и общенаучные базы: PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.Результаты: переломы лопатки – редкая травма, встречающаяся во множестве вариаций. Полноценная лучевая визуализация, включающая использование «лопаточных» проекций с оценкой величины гленополярного угла и КТ с 3D-реконструкцией является ключевым моментом диагностики переломов лопатки. Использование классификаций AO и Ideberg является надёжным способом стратификации внутрисуставных и внесуставных переломов лопатки. Врачи солидарны, что внесуставные переломы лопатки со значительным смещением и внутрисуставные переломы с любым смещением являются показанием к оперативному вмешательству при отсутствии противопоказаний со стороны соматического статуса пациента. Отдалённые осложнения оперативного и консервативного лечения переломов лопатки чаще всего выражаются в нарушении функциональности верхней конечности. Основной причиной является превалирующее использование более травматичных доступов и отсутствие реабилитации, учитывающей биомеханические особенности лопатки. Учитывая результаты анализа литературных источников, можно сделать вывод, что аспекты, касающиеся показаний к хирургическому лечению и реабилитации пациентов, требуют дальнейшего уточнения и изучения. Литературные источники не содержат согласованной информации о конкретных цифрах допустимого смещения отломков. В крайне малочисленных статьях упоминается реабилитация пациентов с переломами лопатки. Протоколы послеоперационного ведения пациентов так же требуют совершенствования путём проведения исследований. Только так возможно создание всестороннего алгоритма диагностики и лечения пациентов с переломами лопатки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction: Scapula fractures are a rare injury of the musculoskeletal system, and their treatment still presents challenges in many aspects. The topographical and anatomical features of the scapular region, the lack of the unified and agreed-upon classification of scapular injuries, discrepancies in existing indications for surgical treatment of fractures of this location, and the insufficient use of minimally invasive surgical approaches to the scapula in modern practice — all these factors do contribute to the ongoing uncertainty in approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of scapular fractures.The aim of the research: To determine modern aspects in the diagnosis and treatment methods of scapular fractures, analyze the results of various studies describing the methods of diagnosis and treatment of scapular fractures, formulate the main guidelines for managing patients with scapular fractures, and identify areas requiring further research.Materials and methods: An analysis of various medical literature sources containing data from both original and external studies on the topic of diagnosis and treatment of scapular fractures was conducted, including articles, monographs, and journals. The electronic medical and general scientific databases were used as sources: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and eLIBRARY.The results of the study: Scapular fractures are a rare injury that come in many variations. Comprehensive radiological imaging, including the use of "scapular" projections to assess the glenopolar angle and CT with 3D reconstruction, is a key aspect of diagnosing scapular fractures. The use of AO and Ideberg classifications is a reliable method for stratifying intra-articular and extra-articular scapular fractures. Physicians agree that extra-articular scapular fractures with significant displacement and intra-articular fractures with any displacement are indications for surgical intervention, provided there are no contraindications based on the patient's somatic status. The long-term complications of both surgical and conservative treatment of scapular fractures most commonly manifest as impaired functionality of the upper limb. The main reason for this is the predominant use of more traumatic approaches and the lack of rehabilitation that takes into account the biomechanical features of the scapula. Considering the results of the analysis of literary sources, one can conclude that aspects related to indications for surgical treatment and rehabilitation of patients require further clarification and study. The literary sources do not contain coordinated information on specific figures for acceptable fragment displacement. Rehabilitation of patients with scapular fractures is mentioned in very few articles. Postoperative management protocols for patients also require improvement through further research. Only in this way is it possible to create a comprehensive algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with scapular fractures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перелом лопатки</kwd><kwd>верхний подвешивающий комплекс плеча</kwd><kwd>гленополярный угол</kwd><kwd>флотирующее плечо</kwd><kwd>осложнение</kwd><kwd>хирургический доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scapular fracture</kwd><kwd>superior suspensory shoulder complex</kwd><kwd>glenopolar angle</kwd><kwd>floating shoulder</kwd><kwd>complication</kwd><kwd>surgical approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berritto D., Pinto A., Russo A., et al., Scapular fractures: a common diagnostic pitfall// Acta Biomed. 2018 Jan 19;89(1-S):102-110. 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